Glad to have a great AMA with Gate.io on Feb.13th, 2020. Read patiently and you will get more known about PCHAIN and the future of PCHAIN.
For the AMA in Chinese, welcome to visit: https://www.gate.io/help/livetext/17312
Gate.io: Very happy to invite Dr. Jeff, founder of PCHAIN as our guest today!
Dr Jeff: I am very happy to receive an exclusive interview with Gate.io to share and exchange some things about the development of PCHAIN with you.
Gate.io: Dr Jeff, you were engaged in Internet finance in 2017. Why did you want to do PCHAIN as a public chain?
Dr Jeff: The development path of the Internet is that applications are king. You can see that many good Internet companies are doing applications. The blockchain is the next generation Internet. At that time, considering applications was a very good place to stay, and the best direction. It is the financial sector. At the time, I was the chief scientist of Internet finance at IBM and the head of the blockchain. At the time of 2015 and 2016, Ethereum was also very early. But after completing the application discovery, I found that the underlying technology is not enough. All applications need a good public chain as the basic support. It is in line with the stable development law and it is gradual, so I decided to do this underlying building block. In addition, many functions of Ethereum have been criticized, such as performance. Many public chains 2.0 and 3.0 have emerged to solve the performance problem-TPS, and we have also made many innovations. From TPS, interoperability, cross-chain to application direction by 2020, changes are very fast. Of course, we have also achieved very good results on TPS: Under the 1064 intercontinental (Asia, Europe, America) node environment, it can support 256 childchains to produce blocks in parallel and interoperate with the main chain without issue. The test network measured 126,000 TPS, theoretical TPS is 180,000 TPS, and can be infinitely expanded horizontally. This is not difficult from a technical perspective in the local area network, but it is difficult to achieve it in a transcontinental environment. This is a very good foundation, and we will develop applications in the future.
Gate.io: Users ask: How do you think of the progress made in PCHAIN and how do you think of Private CCC?
Dr Jeff: This is what I want to talk about in this AMA. One direction is DeFi, including Staking. In addition to these two directions, more opportunities from the applications in the industry. In terms of industry opportunities, we have a pioneering layout, which is to propose a new concept: commercial childchain, Private CCC. Because the domestic regulatory environment is difficult to achieve large-scale direct public chain applications in China, everyone expects the form of alliance chains. However, the alliance chain has limited imagination space, produces results in a small scope, and the communication link between the alliance chain and the public chain does not exist. It is equivalent to setting up many small local area networks, but now everyone is directly connected to the Internet. We did a multi-chain commercial childchain architecture at the time, including 256 childchains in parallel worldwide, also to verify the scalability and technical stability of this architecture. A question of mutual trust. How to trust it? Through the interaction between the main chain and the childchain, the information on the childchain is continuously updated to the main chain. When an alliance chain wants to know the information of its alliance chain, it can fully trust the information recorded on the main chain in history. This will surely link everyone together and is in line with China’s policies. This is a very important logic that we propose for the commercial childchain. It is a consideration and design oriented to supervision and future-oriented.
Gate.io: When did PCHAIN start?
Dr Jeff: The white paper was released at the end of March 2018, and the mainnet was launched on March 30, 2019. In less than a year, the main chain has generated more than 10 million blocks. Let’s take a specific example: Ethereum launched the mainnet in July 2015. Until this year, about 5 years already, the total block is 9 million.
Gate.io: Will it produce invalid information accumulation?
Dr Jeff: Yes, but there is a follow-up solution, which is SmartData-Intelligent Data Processing, which was released last year. It is scored on this framework. It is different from the simplest highest TPS. In the past, many blocks will be empty. Redundancy is even worthless, which will put a lot of pressure on the node disk. After the release of SmartData reduction, it successfully compressed 200G to 20G, which is almost 10 times compression. In theory, mobile phones can run on it. But because of some bandwidth requirements, the subsequent continuous evolution process, the ultimate goal is to make the nodes lighter and lighter and let more nodes access.
Gate.io: We are also mining at Pos nodes. Staking is hot in 2019, what do you think of Staking?
Dr Jeff: Halved, burning is also very hot this year. Why is burning important? I think it is related to Staking. Staking is naturally an inflation. There will be more and more tokens. Only burning will make the value continuously increase.
Gate.io: How did you consider this piece of PCHAIN?
Dr Jeff: We have such a mechanism for planning POS in the white paper, and we have always believed that it is leading the technology development trend in the industry. People who have read the PCHAIN white paper will understand that PCHAIN is also a halved token. Like Bitcoin, our mechanism is also halved in 4 years. This year is the second year. Second, the total amount is constant. How much Ethereum will issue on the original basis each year, and the newly mined Token on PCHAIN is limited to 15% of pos. If it cannot be mined already, the owner on the childchain can go to the market to buy Token and inject it into the childchain, so that the miners of the childchain have the motivation to continue mining. This is different from Bitcoin and Ethereum.
Gate.io: Users ask: When will the commercial childchain start?
Dr Jeff: First quarter. The most important part of the year 2020 plan is the commercial childchain. The commercial childchain project in the first quarter must be confirmed. Although the impact of the new coronavirus, we are still very confident and communication has been ongoing.
Gate.io: How many commercial childchains are expected to be in PCHAIN this year?
Dr Jeff: It’s hard to predict, but I can tell you that there are three childchains moving forward. Recently, there have been successive partners and domestic top software developers communicating. Because of the high incidence of blockchain applications this year, if they cooperate with large-scale software development, there may be a relatively explosive momentum.
Gate.io: What do you think of Staking?
Dr Jeff: Many of us still think from a technical point of view. POW has been for many years. The disadvantages of power consumption have been around for a long time, but the degree of decentralization is high. The future trend must be the large-scale application of the blockchain. This is a trend, and efficiency is very important. All projects are talking about POS. Staking is a derivative of the consensus mechanism. Only by holding the token in it will we focus on its security . Many early projects also exposed a lot of problems, which gradually reduced by half.
Gate.io: What are the shortcomings in the development process that need to be improved?
Dr Jeff: The shortcomings in the market are still relatively lacking. In 2018, our focus is all overseas, so the domestic voice is relatively small. After 2019, it has been developing and strengthening in the domestic market area, so that more people recognize PCHAIN.
Gate.io: I think we have our own wallet?
Dr Jeff: Yes, the current function can be staking, and a cross-chain transfer can be performed between the main chain and the childchain. Its basic positioning is a technology-oriented wallet, and the future plan is also in terms of technology. For example, quickly put some interesting applications (especially Ethereum) on PCHAIN, which is also a relatively important function. We are compatible with EVM of Ethereum. An Ethereum application developer can put it on PCHAIN with almost no code changes.
Gate.io: What other application scenarios does the blockchain have in addition to the cryptocurrency circle? How to balance speed and decentralization under safe conditions?
Dr Jeff: Impossible triangle of blockchain, security, efficiency and security, in a certain perspective, there is no solution. The fundamental problem of balance lies in whether the consensus algorithm itself is good enough. Our original new consensus algorithm is called PDBFT consensus algorithm. Last year, everyone talked more than BFT, VIF random numbers, and a BOS data compression, including the Cosmos overseas team said that BOS has been integrated, our PDBFT integrates these three factors together, let the communication volume from the square of N to N, the degree of decentralization has been improved while ensuring efficiency.
Gate.io: The current commercial childchain is Private Chain. How to connect to Public Chain?
Dr Jeff: Cross-chain. In the future, in addition to its own main chain and childchains, it can also cross other chains.
Gate.io: Why did you choose to be listed at Gate.io?
Dr Jeff: Gate.io is one of the few exchanges that is very consistent with our basic thinking and philosophy of work, including founder Mr. Han, who has been persistently committed to technology, and even we have studied technical details for several hours. We have also contacted the founders of many exchanges. There are not many people like founder Mr. Han who know every detail very well. Secondly, Gate.io has a good community foundation. I think Gate.io is also in the world TOP position, its transaction volume and non-wash trading order are very real, this is very consistent with the spiritual pursuit of the blockchain.
Gate.io: Our users ask you, how to reduce the number of communication handshake to maintain consistency? The current workload proofs are all based on Sha256. Is there any further progress?
Dr Jeff: The Sha256 workload proof belongs to POW’s consensus algorithm and belongs to an axiom proof. Based on this axiom, everyone agrees that its decentralization is very good. However, in all POS, the emphasis is on cooperative handshake, which cannot be reduced from the perspective of collaboration, but it can reduce the amount of information transmitted during the collaboration process. Example: The reduction of communication volume makes the amount of collaboration less. Through communication compression, a lot of people shaking hands at the same time also improve the efficiency.
Gate.io: If the user wants to know some information, in addition to the official website and public account, and where can I find the desired content on the domestic platform?
Dr Jeff: If you prefer technology, you can go to github to watch it. There have been 23 major and minor upgrades since the mainnet launch last year.
Gate.io: What are the main adjustments to the mainnet upgrade?
Dr Jeff: It’s mainly rewarding. It’s a small part of staking for optimization.
Gate.io: Can you talk about future plans?
Dr Jeff: In the future, the focus will be on the commercial childchain. In addition to this, SmartData will be more important. At present, it is relatively new. Like Oracle, it is also part of SmartData.
Gate.io: How many people are using the new commercial childchain?
Dr Jeff: Generally speaking, there were thousands of data on a commercial childchain last year.
Gate.io: Some of the businesses on PCHAIN are private chains. How can we get to the common chain in the future?
Dr Jeff: The commercial childchain itself has such a switch, uploading a part of the hash value to the public chain, and the user can operate it if he wants to open the switch, which depends on the consensus of these enterprises participating in the alliance chain.
Dr. Jeff Cao introduction
Dr Jeff, the founder of PCHAIN, the chief scientist of the China Internet of Things blockchain, the inventor of China’s first blockchain international patent, and the co-sponsor of China Ledger. In 2016, he completed the world ’s first transfer of blockchain asset income rights. He was the head of the IBM blockchain and has published a total of 22 top international papers and more than 30 US patents. He has chaired multiple ACM IEEE top international conference forums.
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